Orthopedics
Advances in Orthopedic Surgery of the Knee 2023
This book reviews current state-of-the-art knowledge on knee surgery, covering all relevant topics, ranging from meniscus repair and anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction to total knee arthroplasty.
Although many of the interventions to treat meniscal, anterior cruciate ligament, patellofemoral osteoarthritis and femorotibial osteoarthritis are globally accepted, there are still many controversies as to which one is the most appropriate for each injury.
Written by orthopedic surgeons from leading institutions specialized in the treatment of knee injuries, this volume critically discusses and sheds new light on these controversies.
Table of contents :
Preface
Contents
1: Meniscal Repair
1.1 Introduction
1.2 One-Third of Meniscal Tears Are Repairable
1.3 Long-Term Results After Meniscus Repair
1.4 Meniscal Tears in Athletes
1.5 All-Inside Meniscus Repair
1.6 Inside-Out Meniscal Repair Versus All-Inside Repair
1.7 Horizontal Meniscal Tears
1.8 Radial Meniscus Tears
1.9 Meniscal Ramp Lesions
1.10 Biological Augmentation of Meniscal Repair
1.11 Tissue Adhesive Use for Meniscal Repair
1.12 Meniscal Cyst Formation Rates After Meniscal Repair
1.13 Failed Meniscal Repair
1.14 Younger Patients Are More Likely to Undergo Arthroscopic Meniscal Repair and Revision Meniscal Surgery
1.15 Meniscal Retears After Repair
1.16 Revision Meniscal Repair
1.17 Medial Meniscus
1.17.1 Repair of Bucket-Handle Medial Meniscal Tears
1.17.2 Medial Meniscus Posterior Root Repair
1.18 Lateral Meniscal Repair
1.18.1 Lateral Meniscus Posterior Root Repair
1.18.2 Risk of Iatrogenic Peroneal Nerve Injury
1.19 Transosseous Meniscus Root Repair in Pediatric Patients
1.20 Conclusions
References
2: Meniscal Allograft Transplantation
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Long-Run Chondroprotective Impact
2.3 Predictors of Meniscal Allograft Failure
2.4 Medial MAT with Bone Plugs Utilizing a Three-Tunnel Technique
2.5 Outcomes, Complications, and Reoperations
2.6 Do Outcomes Differ Based on Age and Sex?
2.7 Immediate MAT or Conventional Delayed Transplantation?
2.8 Return to Sports
2.9 Scoring Parameters to Assess MRI Appearance After MAT
2.10 Autologous Semitendinosus Tendon Graft Could Function as a Meniscal Transplant
2.11 Mismatch Between Anatomic and Clinical Failures
2.12 Accuracy of the Arthroscopic Location of the Center of the Anterior Horn During Lateral MAT
2.13 Aquatic Training and Bicycling Training
2.14 Distraction Arthroplasty Plus Lateral MAT Combined with Cartilage Repair
2.15 Conclusions
References
3: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction
3.1 Introduction
3.2 Postoperative Infection: Prevention and Treatment
3.3 Return to Play (RTP) Testing
3.4 Factors That Affect the Incidence of Articular Cartilage Injury
3.5 Quadriceps Tendon Autograft
3.6 Biologic Agents to Optimize Outcomes
3.7 Quadriceps Versus Hamstring Tendon Autografts
3.8 ACLR Combined with LET
3.9 Tear Rates of the Ipsilateral ACL Graft Versus the Contralateral Native ACL
3.10 Suspensory Versus Interference Tibial Fixation of Hamstring Tendon Autografts
3.11 Combined Meniscus Repair and ACLR
3.12 Early ACLR Versus Initial Non-Reconstructive Treatment with Late Crossover to Surgery
3.13 ACL Injury and Knee OA
3.14 Concomitant Anterolateral Ligament Reconstruction
3.15 Double-Bundle Versus Single-Bundle ACLR
3.16 Graft Isometry During Anatomical ACLR
3.17 Remnant Preservation in ACLR
3.18 ACL Autograft Reconstruction Revisions with Tendon Allografts
3.19 Return to Work After ACLR
3.20 Factors Affecting Graft Healing After ACLR
3.21 Anteromedial Versus Central Femoral Tunnel Placement After Single-Bundle ACLR
3.22 ACLR in Small-Statured Female Individuals
3.23 Factors Affecting Graft Failure and Return to Play After ACLR
3.24 ACLR with Hamstring Tendon Graft and Femoral Cortical Button Fixation
3.25 Revision ACLR
3.26 ACLR in Children and Adolescents
3.27 Rates of Infection After ACLR Among Pediatric Patients and Adolescent Patients (Compared with Young Adult Patients)
3.28 Conclusions
References
4: Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis: Treatment Other than Patellofemoral Arthroplasty
4.1 Introduction
4.2 Risk Factors of PF Joint OA
4.3 Diagnosis
4.4 Nonoperative Treatment
4.4.1 General Concepts
4.4.2 Knee Taping in Addition to a Supervised Exercise Protocol
4.5 Surgical Treatment
4.5.1 General Concepts
4.5.2 Arthroscopic Debridement Plus Intra-Articular Injection of Microfragmented Adipose Tissue
4.5.3 Patellar Thinning Osteotomy
4.5.4 Open Partial Lateral Facetectomy
4.5.5 Arthroscopic Patellar Lateral Facetectomy
4.5.6 Lateral Facetectomy Plus Insall’s Realignment Procedure
4.5.7 Arthroscopic Debridement, Facetectomy, and Synovectomy
4.5.8 Arthroscopic Lateral Patellar Facetectomy and Lateral Release
4.6 Conclusions
References
5: Patellofemoral Arthroplasty
5.1 Introduction
5.2 PFA in Isolated PF OA
5.2.1 Survivorship and Functional Outcomes
5.2.2 Preoperative Bone Scans Can Predict Survivorship
5.2.3 Patient-Reported Outcomes
5.2.4 Obesity Does Not Affect Patient-Reported Outcomes
5.2.5 Obesity Linked to High Risk of Revision and Progression of Medial Tibiofemoral OA
5.2.6 PFA in Patients with PF OA with Trochlear Dysplasia
5.2.7 Conversion of PFA to a TKA: Patellar Button Compatibility
5.3 PFA in Posttraumatic PF Osteoarthritis
5.4 Inlay PF Arthroplasty
5.5 Onlay PF Arthroplasty
5.6 Conclusions
References
6: Patellofemoral Arthroplasty Versus Total Knee Arthroplasty for Isolated Patellofemoral Osteoarthritis
6.1 Introduction
6.2 Clinical Results
6.3 Cost-Effectiveness Analysis
6.4 Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses
6.4.1 Patient-Reported Outcomes (PROMs)
6.4.2 Adverse Events
6.4.3 Reoperation Rates
6.5 Conclusions
References
7: Medial Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
7.1 Introduction
7.2 Predictors of a Forgotten Joint After MUKA
7.3 MUKA in Patients Under the Age of 60 Years
7.4 Medial MUKA with Patellar Denervation
7.5 Pulsed Electromagnetic Fields After MUKA
7.6 St Georg Sled MUKA
7.7 Infection in MUKA
7.8 Hypoallergenic MUKA
7.8.1 Return to Sports: Medial Mobile-Bearing Hypoallergenic TiNbN UKA Versus Medial Fixed-Bearing Hypoallergenic Uni Oxinium
7.8.2 Titanium Niobium Nitride (TiNbN) Alloy Implants Versus Fixed-Bearing Oxidized Zirconium Alloy Implants
7.9 Robotic-Assisted MUKA (RAMUKA)
7.9.1 Accuracy of Intraoperative Mechanical Axis Alignment to Long-Leg Radiographs
7.9.2 Survivorship and Outcomes
7.10 Revision Indications for MUKA
7.11 Long-Term Survival of MUKA in Spontaneous Knee Osteonecrosis
7.12 Optimized MUKA Outcome
7.13 Conclusions
References
8: Lateral Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty
8.1 Introduction
8.2 General Concepts on LUKA
8.3 Medial Subvastus Approach
8.4 Implantation Accuracy of a LUKA
8.5 External Rotation of the Tibial Component Should Be Avoided
8.6 Midterm Survivorship and Clinical Outcomes
8.7 Assessment of Radiolucent Lines in Patients with LUKA
8.8 The Effect of Patient Age and Bearing Choice on Midterm Outcomes
8.9 Survivorship and Long-Term Outcomes
8.10 Fixed-Bearing LUKA
8.10.1 Predictors of Satisfactory Outcomes
8.10.2 Sports Activity and Patient-Related Outcomes
8.10.3 Fixed-Bearing, All-Polyethylene Tibia
8.11 Comparison of Failure Rates of Different Prosthetic Designs
8.12 Robotic-Assisted Lateral UKA
8.13 Revision Indications
8.14 Conclusions
References
9: Total Knee Arthroplasty After Proximal Tibia Fracture
9.1 Introduction
9.2 Risk of TKA After Proximal Tibia Fracture
9.3 Does Prior Infection Alter the Outcome of TKA After Tibial Plateau Fracture?
9.4 Outcomes
9.5 Conclusions
References
10: Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients with Severe Obesity
10.1 Introduction
10.2 The Implications of an Aging Population and Increased Obesity for TKA Rates
10.3 The Rise of Obesity Among TKA Subjects
10.4 Does Obesity Affect PROMs Following TKA?
10.5 Trends of Obesity Percentage Between Subjects Experiencing Primary TKA and the General Population
10.6 Obesity, Comorbidities, and the Associated Risk Among Subjects Who Experience TKA
10.7 TKA in Subjects with Severe Obesity Provides Value for Money in Spite of Increased Adverse Events
10.8 The Impact of Obesity on Achievement of a “Forgotten Joint” Following TKA
10.9 What Is the Influence of BMI Cutoffs on TKA Adverse Events?
10.10 Effect of BMI on the Results of Primary TKA Up to One Year
10.11 The Impact of Obesity on TKA Revision Rate
10.12 Mid- to Long-Term Adverse Events and Result for Morbidly Obese Subjects After TKA
10.13 Cemented Versus Cementless TKA in Obese Subjects with BMI ≥35 kg/m2
10.14 Cementless TKA Utilizing a Highly Porous Tibial Baseplate in Morbidly Obese Subjects
10.15 Does BMI Influence the Results and Survivorship of Modern Cementless TKA?
10.16 Morbidly Obese Subjects Experiencing Primary TKA May Present Higher Percentages of VTE When Prescribed Direct Oral Anticoagulants Versus Aspirin
10.17 Conclusions
References
11: Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty in Patients Younger than 55 Years
11.1 Introduction
11.2 Outcomes
11.3 Oxidized Zirconium (OxZr) TKA Versus Cobalt-Chrome (CoCr) TKA
11.4 All-Cause Survivorship Rates and Reasons for Revision TKA
11.5 Re-Revision-Free Survival and Risk Factors for Re-Revision in Patients Less than 55 Years Who Undergo Aseptic Revision TKA
11.6 Conclusions
References
12: Unilateral Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty Versus Simultaneous Bilateral Primary Total Knee Arthroplasty
12.1 Introduction
12.2 Local Infiltration Analgesia
12.3 Tranexamic Acid (TXA)
12.4 Outcomes
12.4.1 Pain Levels and Recovery of Ambulatory Skills
12.4.2 Thrombosis Incidence
12.4.3 Thirty-Day Risk of Venous Thromboembolism and Bleeding
12.4.4 Perioperative Outcomes
12.4.5 Ninety-Day Morbidity and Mortality
12.4.6 Component Alignment
12.5 Risk Factors Increasing Morbidity
12.6 Cost-Effectiveness
12.7 Conclusions
References
13: Mobile-Bearing Versus Fixed-Bearing for Total Knee Arthroplasty
13.1 Introduction
13.2 Clinical, Radiological, and General Health Results
13.3 Function and Implant Longevity
13.4 Patellar Position
13.5 Fixed- Versus Mobile-Bearing Cruciate-Retaining TKA
13.6 Postoperative Functional Status in Patients with Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
13.7 Radiostereometric Analysis
13.8 Activities of Daily Living and Pain
13.9 High-Flexion Fixed-Bearing Versus High-Flexion Mobile-Bearing TKAs
13.10 Fixed- Versus Mobile-Bearing TKA Using Titanium-Nitride-Coated Posterior-Stabilized Prostheses
13.11 Simultaneous High-Flexion Mobile-Bearing and Fixed-Bearing TKAs Performed in the Same Patients
13.12 Mobile-Bearing TKA with Unique Ball and Socket Post-Cam Mechanism Versus Established Fixed-Bearing Prosthesis
13.13 Ceramic Titanium-Nitride-Coated Mobile-Bearing Prosthesis Versus Fixed-Bearing Prosthesis
13.14 Axial Tibiofemoral Rotation and Functional Outcomes
13.15 Mobile-Bearing Versus Fixed-Bearing TKAs in Individuals 80 Years
14.2.3 Bleeding Complications
14.2.4 Postoperative Morbidity and Discharge Destinations in Patients Older than 85 Years
14.3 Fast-Track Revision TKA
14.3.1 Outcomes
14.3.2 Venous Thromboembolism
14.4 Conclusions
References
15: Repeat Two-Stage Revision for Knee Periprosthetic Joint Infection
15.1 Introduction
15.2 Arthrodesis Should Be Considered
15.3 Risk Factors for Failure
15.4 Effectiveness
15.5 Outcomes
15.6 What Are the Chances for Success?
15.7 Revision Rates
15.8 Failure Rates
15.9 Conclusions
References
16: Revision Knee Arthroplasty for “Pain Without Loosening” Versus “Aseptic Loosening”
16.1 Introduction
16.2 Revision for Unexplained Pain Following UKA and TKA
16.3 Outcomes of UKA After Aseptic Revision to TKA
16.4 Complications and Failures of Nontumoral Hinged TKA in Primary and Aseptic Revision Surgery
16.5 Subjects Who Experience Early Aseptic Revision TKA Within 90 Days of Surgery Have a High Risk of Re-Revision and Infection at 2 Years
16.6 Prosthesis Survival After Revision Knee Arthroplasty for “Pain Without Loosening” Versus “Aseptic Loosening”
16.7 Conclusions
References
17: Robotic-Assisted Primary Unicompartmental Knee Arthroplasty and Total Knee Arthroplasty
17.1 Introduction
17.2 Robotic-Assisted UKA
17.2.1 Clinical Results
17.2.2 Dependability of Intraoperative Measurements of the Frontal Femorotibial Axis Robotic-Assisted Medial UKA
17.2.3 Facility Costs Between RA-UKA and C-UKA
17.2.4 Accordance Between Femoral Component Position and Contact Stresses on the Polyethylene Insert Could Be a Contributing Factor of Long-Run Survival of UKA
17.2.5 Mid-Run Survivorship and PROMs of Robotic-Assisted Lateral UKA
17.2.6 Comparative Studies
17.3 Robotic-Assisted TKA
17.3.1 Clinical Results and PROMs
17.3.2 Comparative Studies
17.3.3 Predicting Robotic-Assisted TKA Operating Time
17.4 Complications of Robotic-Assisted Joint Arthroplasty
17.5 Learning Curve Associated with Robotic-Assisted Knee Arthroplasty
17.6 Conclusions
