Vascular Surgery
Venous Disorders Current Concepts 2018
Table of contents :
Preface......Page 5
Contents......Page 8
1.2 The New Terminology of the Veins......Page 15
1.3.2 The Short Saphenous Vein (SSV)......Page 18
1.3.3 The Great Saphenous Vein (GSV) [11]......Page 20
1.3.4 The Anterior Accessory Great Saphenous Vein (AAGSV)......Page 22
1.4 The Perforators Veins......Page 24
1.5.1 The Deep Venous Trunks......Page 25
At the Leg Level......Page 28
Physiological Point of View......Page 31
References......Page 34
2.2 Quantifying Saphenous Reflux......Page 35
2.4 Grading Severity of Iliac Vein Stenosis (“Area Method”)......Page 37
2.5 Hemodynamics of Venous Collaterals and Venous Bypass......Page 40
References......Page 41
3.1 Pathophysiology......Page 42
3.2 Diagnosis......Page 44
Valvuloplasty......Page 45
Valve Transplant......Page 46
3.3.2 Deep Venous Reflux in the Setting of Deep Venous Obstruction (DVO)......Page 48
References......Page 49
4: Recurrent Varicose Veins......Page 52
4.1 Failure to Treat the Correct Vein or Veins......Page 53
4.2 The Correct Veins Were Treated but Using Techniques that Allow Recurrent Reflux to Develop......Page 54
4.3 “Recurrent Varicose Veins” due to De Novo Venous Reflux......Page 60
References......Page 61
5: Relevance of Wavelength in Laser Treatment of Varicose Veins......Page 64
5.2 Radiation......Page 65
5.5 Biological Effects of Lasers......Page 67
5.6 Wavelength......Page 68
5.8 Thermal Ablation: Energy Dosing......Page 69
5.13 Mode of Action of Lasers......Page 70
5.14 Specificity of Lasers......Page 71
5.15 Recent and Future Developments......Page 72
References......Page 73
6.3.2 Detergents......Page 75
6.3.5 Foam Sclerotherapy......Page 76
6.6.1 Compression Following Sclerotherapy......Page 77
6.7 Complications......Page 78
6.8.2 Surgery vs Endothermal Ablations vs Foam Sclerotherapy......Page 79
References......Page 80
7.1 Introduction......Page 82
7.2.2 Radio Frequency Ablation (RFA)......Page 83
7.3 Small Saphenous Vein and the Sural Nerve......Page 84
7.3.1 Anatomy of the Sural Nerve......Page 85
7.3.2 Common Peroneal Nerve and Tibial Nerve......Page 88
7.3.4 Strategies to Prevent Nerve Injury......Page 89
7.5.1 Medications for Nociceptive Pain......Page 90
References......Page 91
8.1 Introduction/Overview......Page 93
8.3 Discussion......Page 94
References......Page 96
9.3 Natural Anticoagulants......Page 98
9.7 Changes in the Endothelium......Page 99
9.8 Inflammation......Page 100
9.10 Clinical Aspects......Page 101
9.14 Superficial Vein Thrombosis......Page 102
9.17.2 Population Affected......Page 103
9.19.5 Recurrent Thromboembolism......Page 104
9.19.11 Pregnancy......Page 105
9.20.2 Popliteal Vein Entrapment......Page 106
9.24 Treatment of DVT......Page 107
9.25.1 LMWH......Page 108
9.25.4 CDT Technique......Page 109
References......Page 110
10.1 Introduction......Page 113
10.3 Pathophysiology of PTS......Page 114
10.4 Diagnosis of PTS......Page 115
10.5 Which DVT Patients Are at Risk of Developing PTS?......Page 116
10.7 Impact of PTS on Patients and Society......Page 117
10.8 Prevention of PTS (Table 10.3)......Page 118
10.9 Treatment of PTS......Page 120
10.11 Summary......Page 121
References......Page 122
11.3 Aetiology and Predisposing Factors......Page 125
11.5 Natural History......Page 126
11.6 Symptoms and Signs......Page 128
11.7 Diagnosis and Investigations......Page 129
11.8 Management and Outcome......Page 131
11.9 The Author’s Approach......Page 134
References......Page 135
12: Novel Biomarkers in Deep Vein Thrombosis......Page 137
12.2 Soluble P-Selectin......Page 138
12.4 CRP (C-Reactive Protein)......Page 139
12.6 Microparticles (MPs)......Page 140
12.8 Combination of Parameters......Page 141
References......Page 142
Heparin......Page 144
13.2 Comparison Between NOACS and VKAs......Page 145
Idarucizumab (Reversal of Factor II Inhibitor)......Page 146
Activated Charcoal......Page 147
13.4.4 Renal Failure......Page 149
13.5.2 The Cost Equation......Page 150
References......Page 151
14.1 Introduction......Page 153
14.2 Compression......Page 154
14.3 Surgical Procedures......Page 155
14.4 Sclerotherapy......Page 156
14.5 Dressings......Page 157
14.8 Electrotherapy......Page 158
14.11 Venoactive Drugs: Pentoxifylline and Sulodexide......Page 159
14.12 Short Gastrocnemius Syndrome: A New Consideration......Page 160
References......Page 163
15.1 Introduction......Page 165
15.4 Which Compression Material Is Able to Counteract AVH......Page 166
15.5 Hemodynamic Effects of Compression Materials......Page 169
15.6 Which Compression Material for VLU......Page 171
15.9.1 Inelastic Compression and Mixed Leg Ulcers......Page 172
References......Page 173
16.1.2 Infection......Page 176
16.1.7 External Compression......Page 177
16.2 Clinical Diagnosis......Page 178
16.3 The Female PCS......Page 179
16.4 Male PCS......Page 180
16.4.6 Pudendal Neuralgia......Page 181
16.6.1 Ultrasonography......Page 182
16.7.4 Venoplasty and Stenting......Page 183
References......Page 185
17.2 Anatomy and Pathophysiology......Page 187
17.5 Clinical Features......Page 188
17.8 Duplex USG......Page 189
17.11 Invasive Venous Imaging......Page 190
17.13 Treatment......Page 191
References......Page 192
18.2 Anatomy in Relation to Nutcracker Compression of Renal Vein......Page 194
18.4 Clinical Features......Page 195
18.5.2 Computerised Tomographic and Magnetic Resonance Angiography......Page 196
18.8 Differential Diagnosis......Page 197
18.10.2 Endovascular Treatment......Page 198
Procedure of LRV Transposition......Page 199
18.10.4 Long-Term Results......Page 200
References......Page 201
19.4 Distribution of Venous Trauma......Page 203
19.9.1 Immediate Treatment......Page 204
References......Page 205
20.2 How Important Is Restoration of Tissue Fluid Outflow from Limb Tissues?......Page 206
Detailed Indications......Page 207
20.4 Creation of Artificial Lymph (Edema Fluid) Flow Pathways by Implantation of Hydrophobic Silicone Tubings......Page 209
20.4.1 Implantation Technique of Silicone Tubings......Page 211
20.4.3 Results......Page 213
20.4.4 Conclusions......Page 215
20.5.1 The Morphological Changes of Advanced Stage IV Lymphedema......Page 216
20.5.3 Results......Page 218
20.8 The Pre- and Postoperative Pharmacological Support for Lymphatic Surgery......Page 220
20.10.3 Conclusions......Page 221
References......Page 222
21.1 Introduction......Page 225
21.2 Clinic and Referral Models......Page 226
21.4.1 Ophthalmology: Cataract Surgery......Page 227
21.4.2 Orthopaedics: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome......Page 228
Laparoscopic Repair......Page 229
21.5.1 Risk Stratification of Patients......Page 230
21.5.5 Follow-Up......Page 231
References......Page 232
