Medicines play an important role in the treatment and prevention of disease in humans and animals, but residues from these medicines can be released into the environment through a number of routes during their manufacture, use and disposal. It is only recently that the potential environmental impacts of this exposure to pharmaceuticals are being considered.
The book explores where pharmaceutical residues can be found, e.g. in surface waters, drinking water, sediments and the marine environment; the sources of these residues, from manufacture through to disposal of unused medicines; how these residues break down; and how this all impacts on wildlife and human health.
In reviewing the current position and examining further possible impacts, this book is an important reference for researchers working in the pharmaceutical industry, as well as for environmentalists, policy makers and students on pharmacy and environmental science courses wanting to better understand the impacts of pharmaceuticals on the environment.
Table of contents :
Content: The Pharmaceutical Industry and the Future of Drug Development
Distribution of Pharmaceutical Residues in the Environment
Pharmaceuticals in the Marine Environment
Sources of Residues in the Environment and their Control
Persistence of Pharmaceutical Residues both in Sewage Treatment Works and the Receiving Environment
Ecotoxicology, Environmental Risk Assessment and Potential Impact on Human Health
Impacts of Pharmaceuticals on Terrestrial Wildlife
Veterinary Pharmaceuticals