Fundamentals of Nursing
Fundamentals of Nursing: Standards and Practice
Review
"I applaud the authors for developing a text which is in keeping with the changes in nursing and health care." --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
About the Author
Sue C. DeLaune, MN, RN, BC earned a Bachelor of Science in Nursing from Northwestern State University, Natchitoches, Louisiana, and a Master¿s degree in Nursing from Louisiana State University Medical Center, New Orleans, Louisiana. She is Board Certified in Psychiatric/Mental Health Nursing by the ANA American Nurses Credentialing Center. Sue has taught nursing in diploma, associate degree, and baccalaureate schools of nursing, as well as in RN-degree completion programs. With 30 plus years experience as a clinician, administrator, and educator, Sue has taught fundamentals of nursing, psychiatric/mental health nursing, nursing leadership and research, and nursing ethics courses. She also presents seminars and workshops that help nurses to maintain competency in the areas of communication, leadership and teambuilding skills, client education, and stress management.
Sue is a member of the American Nurses Association, the American Holistic Nurses Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the Joseph & Nancy Fail School of Nursing Honor Society. She has been recognized as one of the ¿Great 100 Nurses¿ by the New Orleans District Nurses Association.
Currently, Sue is President and Education Director of S DeLaune Consulting, an independent continuing education business based in Mandeville, Louisiana. Sue is also Assistant Professor of Nursing at William Carey College, New Orleans, Louisiana, where she provides didactic and clinical instruction to students in fundamentals of nursing.
Patricia K. Ladner, MS, MN, RN is a Consultant for Nursing Practice in the Lousianna State Board of Nursing. --This text refers to an out of print or unavailable edition of this title.
Table of contents :
Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright Page......Page 5
Dedication......Page 6
Brief Contents......Page 7
List Of Procedures......Page 20
Contributors......Page 23
Reviewers......Page 25
Preface......Page 28
How To Use This Text......Page 32
Acknowledgments......Page 35
About The Authors......Page 36
Table Of Contents......Page 8
UNIT 1 Nursing’s Perspective: Past, Present, and Future......Page 38
CHAPTER 1 EVOLUTION OF NURSING AND NURSING EDUCATION......Page 40
Evolution of Nursing......Page 41
Nursing Education Overview......Page 52
Preparing Nurses for Tomorrow’s Challenges......Page 55
CHAPTER 2 NURSING THEORY......Page 60
Components of the Theoretical Foundation......Page 61
Importance of Nursing Theories......Page 62
Evolution of Nursing Theory......Page 63
Knowledge Development in Nursing......Page 65
Selected Nursing Theories.......Page 67
Continuing Evolution of Nursing Theory......Page 75
CHAPTER 3 RESEARCH AND EVIDENCE-BASED PRACTICE......Page 78
Research: Substantiating the Science of Nursing......Page 79
Evidenced-Based Practice.......Page 85
CHAPTER 4 HEALTH CARE DELIVERY, QUALITY, AND THE CONTINUUM OF CARE......Page 90
Health Care Delivery: Organizational Frameworks......Page 91
Health Care Team......Page 92
Reimbursement Methods......Page 94
Factors Influencing the Delivery of Health Care......Page 96
Responses to Health Care Changes......Page 97
Continuum of Care......Page 99
Quality Management in Health Care......Page 102
Organizational Structure for Quality Management.......Page 105
Nursing’s Role in Quality Management......Page 107
Trends in Health Care Delivery......Page 108
UNIT 2 Nursing Process: The Standard of Care......Page 110
CHAPTER 5 CRITICAL THINKING, DECISION MAKING, AND THE NURSING PROCESS......Page 112
Critical Thinking......Page 113
The Nursing Process......Page 116
Critical Thinking Applied in Nursing......Page 122
CHAPTER 6 ASSESSMENT......Page 126
Types of Assessment......Page 127
Data Collection......Page 128
Data Verification......Page 133
Data Organization......Page 134
Data Documentation......Page 135
CHAPTER 7 NURSING DIAGNOSIS......Page 146
What Is a Nursing Diagnosis?......Page 147
Purposes of Nursing Diagnoses......Page 148
Components of a Nursing Diagnosis......Page 151
Categories of Nursing Diagnoses......Page 152
Clinical Judgment in Nursing: Developing Nursing Diagnoses......Page 153
Avoiding Errors in Development and Use of Nursing Diagnoses......Page 155
Overcoming Barriers and Limitations to Nursing Diagnosis......Page 157
CHAPTER 8 PLANNING AND OUTCOME IDENTIFICATION......Page 162
Process of Planning and Outcome Identification......Page 163
Nursing Outcomes Classification (NOC)......Page 171
Plan of Care......Page 172
Strategies for Effective Care Planning......Page 173
CHAPTER 9 IMPLEMENTATION......Page 176
Implementation Activities......Page 177
CHAPTER 10 EVALUATION......Page 189
Components of Evaluation......Page 190
Methods of Evaluation......Page 191
Evaluation and Quality of Care......Page 192
Multidisciplinary Collaboration in Evaluation......Page 195
UNIT 3 Professional Accountability......Page 199
CHAPTER 11 LEADERSHIP, DELEGATION, AND POWER......Page 201
Professional Nursing Practice......Page 202
Professional Accountability......Page 204
Advanced Practice Nursing......Page 208
Leadership in Nursing......Page 211
Politics of Nursing......Page 218
CHAPTER 12 LEGAL AND ETHICAL RESPONSIBILITIES......Page 223
Legal Foundations of Nursing......Page 224
Ethical Foundations of Nursing......Page 236
CHAPTER 13 DOCUMENTATION AND INFORMATICS......Page 249
Informatics......Page 250
Documentation as Communication......Page 252
Principles of Effective Documentation......Page 259
Methods of Documentation......Page 262
Forms for Recording Data......Page 266
Reporting......Page 271
Computers in Nursing......Page 273
UNIT 4 Promoting Client Health......Page 278
CHAPTER 14 NURSING, HEALING, AND CARING......Page 280
Nursing’s Therapeutic Value......Page 281
Theoretical Perspectives of Caring......Page 282
Care in the High-Technology Environment......Page 283
Nurse-Client Relationship......Page 284
Therapeutic Value of the Nursing Process......Page 290
CHAPTER 15 COMMUNICATION......Page 295
The Communication Process......Page 296
Modes of Communication......Page 300
Types of Communication......Page 302
Barriers to Therapeutic Interaction......Page 307
Communication, Critical Thinking, and Nursing Process......Page 308
CHAPTER 16 HEALTH AND WELLNESS PROMOTION......Page 315
Health, Illness, and Wellness......Page 316
Health Behaviors......Page 318
Health Promotion......Page 320
The Individual as a Holistic Being......Page 322
Needs and Health......Page 323
Promoting Sexual Health......Page 324
CHAPTER 17 FAMILY AND COMMUNITY HEALTH......Page 331
Family Health......Page 332
Community Health......Page 337
CHAPTER 18 THE LIFE CYCLE......Page 343
Fundamental Concepts of Growth and Development......Page 344
Theoretical Perspectives of Human Development......Page 346
Holistic Framework for Nursing......Page 351
Stages of the Life Cycle......Page 353
CHAPTER 19 THE OLDER CLIENT......Page 391
Defining Old Age......Page 392
Changes Associated with Aging......Page 394
Medications and the Older Adult......Page 401
Nursing Process and the Older Adult......Page 403
CHAPTER 20 CULTURAL DIVERSITY......Page 413
Concepts of Culture......Page 414
Multiculturalism in the United States......Page 416
Organizing Phenomena of Culture......Page 417
Cultural Disparities in Health and Health Care Delivery......Page 424
Transcultural Nursing......Page 426
Cultural Competence and Nursing Process......Page 429
CHAPTER 21 CLIENT EDUCATION......Page 434
The Teaching-Learning Process......Page 435
Learning Throughout the Life Cycle......Page 438
Teaching-Learning and the Nursing Process......Page 442
UNIT 5 Responding to Basic Psychosocial Needs......Page 453
CHAPTER 22 SELF-CONCEPT......Page 455
Components of Self-Concept......Page 456
Development of Self-Concept......Page 457
Factors Affecting Self-Concept.......Page 459
Nursing Process and Self-Concept......Page 461
CHAPTER 23 STRESS, ANXIETY, ADAPTATION, AND CHANGE......Page 470
Responses to Stress......Page 471
Stress and Illness......Page 475
Stress and Change......Page 477
Assessment......Page 480
Implementation......Page 481
Evaluation......Page 486
Personal Stress Management Approaches for the Nurse.......Page 487
CHAPTER 24 SPIRITUALITY......Page 493
Spirituality Defined......Page 494
Nursing Process and Spirituality.......Page 495
CHAPTER 25 LOSS AND GRIEF......Page 505
Loss......Page 506
Grief......Page 507
Death......Page 517
Care after Death......Page 523
Nurse’s Self-Care......Page 525
UNIT 6 Responding to Basic Physiological Needs......Page 528
CHAPTER 26 VITAL SIGNS......Page 530
Vital Signs......Page 531
Factors Influencing Vital Signs......Page 535
Measuring Vital Signs......Page 538
The Nursing Process and Vital Signs......Page 542
CHAPTER 27 PHYSICAL ASSESSMENT......Page 568
Purposes of Physical Examination......Page 569
Reproductive System......Page 619
Anus and Rectum......Page 624
CHAPTER 28 DIAGNOSTIC TESTING......Page 629
Overview of Noninvasive and Invasive Diagnostic Testing......Page 631
Laboratory Tests......Page 636
Radiologic Studies......Page 656
Ultrasonography......Page 658
Nonnuclear Scan Studies......Page 659
Radioactive Studies......Page 660
Aspiration and Biopsy......Page 662
CHAPTER 29 SAFETY, INFECTION CONTROL, AND HYGIENE......Page 681
Creating a Culture of Client Safety......Page 682
Infection Control Principles......Page 686
Hygiene......Page 692
Assessment......Page 693
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 696
Implementation......Page 699
Evaluation......Page 722
CHAPTER 30 MEDICATION ADMINISTRATION......Page 776
Drug Standards and Legislation......Page 777
Pharmacokinetics......Page 778
Drug Action......Page 780
Professional Roles in Medication Administration......Page 784
Systems of Weights and Measures......Page 787
Approximate Dose Equivalents......Page 788
Safe Drug Administration......Page 790
Legal Aspects of Administering Medications......Page 795
Assessment......Page 797
Implementation......Page 800
Evaluation......Page 815
CHAPTER 31 COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MODALITIES......Page 860
Historical Influences on Contemporary Practices......Page 861
Contemporary Trends......Page 863
Complementary and Alternative Interventions......Page 864
Nursing and Complementary/Alternative Approaches.......Page 879
CHAPTER 32 OXYGENATION......Page 886
Physiology of Oxygenation......Page 887
Factors Affecting Oxygenation......Page 892
Assessment......Page 896
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 899
Implementation......Page 903
Evaluation......Page 914
CHAPTER 33 FLUIDS AND ELECTROLYTES......Page 946
Physiology of Fluid and Acid-Base Balance......Page 947
Disturbances in Electrolyte and Acid-Base Balance......Page 953
Assessment......Page 964
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 968
Planning and Outcomes......Page 969
Implementation......Page 970
Evaluation......Page 985
CHAPTER 34 NUTRITION......Page 1020
Physiology of Nutrition......Page 1021
Nutrients......Page 1024
Promoting Proper Nutrition......Page 1030
Factors Affecting Nutrition......Page 1033
Assessment......Page 1036
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 1041
Planning and Outcome Identification......Page 1042
Implementation......Page 1043
Evaluation......Page 1053
CHAPTER 35 COMFORT AND SLEEP......Page 1070
Pain......Page 1071
Rest and Sleep......Page 1096
CHAPTER 36 MOBILITY......Page 1113
Overview of Mobility......Page 1114
Physiology of Mobility......Page 1116
Exercise......Page 1117
Factors Affecting Mobility......Page 1124
Physiological Effects of Mobility and Immobility......Page 1126
Assessment......Page 1128
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 1132
Planning and Outcome Identification.......Page 1133
Implementation......Page 1135
Evaluation......Page 1150
CHAPTER 37 SKIN INTEGRITY AND WOUND HEALING......Page 1186
Wounds......Page 1187
Pressure Ulcers......Page 1203
CHAPTER 38 SENSATION, PERCEPTION, AND COGNITION......Page 1232
Physiology of Sensation, Perception, and Cognition......Page 1233
Factors Affecting Sensation, Perception, and Cognition......Page 1237
Sensory, Perceptual, and Cognitive Alterations......Page 1238
Assessment......Page 1240
Implementation......Page 1244
Evaluation......Page 1249
CHAPTER 39 ELIMINATION......Page 1255
Physiology of Elimination......Page 1256
Factors Affecting Elimination......Page 1259
Common Alterations in Elimination......Page 1260
Assessment......Page 1264
Nursing Diagnosis......Page 1268
Planning and Outcomes......Page 1269
Implementation......Page 1270
Evaluation......Page 1282
CHAPTER 40 NURSING CARE OF THE PERIOPERATIVE CLIENT......Page 1318
Setting......Page 1319
Client Safety......Page 1320
Anesthesia......Page 1321
Preoperative Phase......Page 1323
Intraoperative Phase......Page 1339
Postoperative Phase......Page 1344
Glossary......Page 1360
References......Page 1386
Index......Page 1405
