Orthopedics
Evidence-based Orthopedics (Evidence-Based Medicine)
Surgical orthopedic procedures such as hip replacements, arthroscopy or knee replacements are surrounded by pre- and post-operative complications, and there are varying different methods for the procedures themselves. This book, for the first time, brings together the best evidence for treatments as well as any complications. Not only does it cover the evidence base for orthopedic surgery, but also orthopedic conditions requiring medical treatment, and pediatric orthopedics. Using the approved EBM methodology, and edited by teachers of evidence-based medicine, this is a genuine EBM textbook for all orthopedic specialists and trainees.
Table of contents :
Evidence-Based Orthopedics......Page 5
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 12
Foreword......Page 22
Preface......Page 24
Abbreviations......Page 25
Section I: Methodology of Evidence-Based Orthopedics......Page 29
1: Principles of Evidence-Based Orthopedics......Page 31
2: Understanding Hierarchies of Evidence and Grades of Recommendation......Page 35
3: Critical Appraisal Tools for Surgeons......Page 40
4: Understanding Diagnosis, Therapy, and Prognosis......Page 45
5: Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis......Page 53
6: Economic Analysis......Page 58
Section II: Orthopedic Medicine......Page 63
7: Osteoporosis and Metabolic Disorders......Page 65
8: Thromboprophylaxis in Orthopedic Practice......Page 84
9: Blood Transfusion......Page 100
10: Wound Infections......Page 106
11: Gouty Arthritis......Page 114
12: Perioperative Medical Management......Page 121
13: Orthobiologics......Page 128
Section III: Joint Reconstruction......Page 145
14: The Role of Computer Navigation in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 147
15: Highly Crosslinked Polyethylene in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 159
16: Hip Resurfacing vs. Metal-on-Metal Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 165
17: The Role of Ceramic in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 181
18: Minimally Invasive Techniques in Total Hip Arthroplasty......Page 192
19: Management of Femoral Periprosthetic Fractures After Hip Replacement......Page 199
20: Evaluation of the Painful Total Hip Replacement......Page 206
21: Revision of the Femoral Components: Role of Structural Bulk Allografts and Impaction Grafting......Page 214
22: Revision of the Acetabular Components: Role of Structural Bulk Allografts and Porous Tantalum Implants......Page 233
23: Antibiotic Cement in Total Knee Arthroplasty......Page 240
24: Cemented vs. Uncemented Fixation in Total Knee Arthroplasty......Page 248
25: High-Flexion Implants vs. Conventional Design Implants......Page 256
26: The Neuropathic/Charcot Joint......Page 264
27: Cemented vs. Uncemented Stems in Revision Knee Arthroplasty: Indications, Technique, and Outcomes......Page 270
28: Management of Structural Defects in Revision Knee Arthroplasty: Femoral Side......Page 277
29: Patellar Options in Revision Knee Arthroplasty......Page 285
30: Total Shoulder Replacement vs. Hemiarthroplasty in the Treatment of Shoulder Osteoarthritis......Page 291
31: Cemented vs. Uncemented Fixation in Shoulder Arthroplasty......Page 298
32: Reverse Total Shoulder Arthroplasty......Page 306
33: Glenoid Fixation in Total Shoulder Arthroplasty: What Type of Glenoid Component Should We Use?......Page 312
III.VI: Foot and Ankle Reconstruction/Arthroplasty......Page 322
35: Fusion vs. Arthroplasty in the Treatment of 1st MTP Arthritis......Page 335
36: Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease and the Treatment of the Cavo-Varus Foot......Page 345
Section IV: Trauma......Page 351
37: Acromioclavicular Joint......Page 353
38: Clavicle......Page 360
39: Scapula......Page 369
40: Post-Traumatic Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Humerus......Page 379
41: Proximal Humerus Fractures......Page 388
42: Humeral Shaft Fractures......Page 394
43: Distal Humerus Fractures......Page 402
44: Fracture-Dislocations of the Elbow......Page 411
45: Radial Head Fractures......Page 425
46: Monteggia Fracture-Dislocations......Page 431
47: Olecranon Fractures......Page 437
48: Forearm Fractures, Including Galeazzi Fractures......Page 444
49: Distal Radius Fractures......Page 453
50: Perilunate Dislocations......Page 465
51: Carpal Fractures......Page 471
52: Metacarpal Fractures......Page 490
53: Hip Dislocations......Page 496
54: Femoral Head Fractures......Page 502
55: Intracapsular Fractures......Page 508
56: Intertrochanteric Fractures......Page 519
57: Subtrochanteric Fractures......Page 525
58: Femoral Shaft Fractures......Page 532
59: Distal Femur Fractures......Page 550
60: Knee Dislocations......Page 555
61: Proximal Tibia......Page 562
62: Tibial Shaft......Page 569
63: Distal Tibia/Plafond......Page 577
64: Malleolar Fractures......Page 589
65: Talus Fractures......Page 595
66: Calcaneus Fractures......Page 602
67: Midfoot/Metatarsal Fractures......Page 611
68: Pelvis......Page 621
69: Acetabulum......Page 630
70: Open Fractures......Page 645
71: Acute Compartment Syndrome......Page 655
72: Noninvasive Technologies for Fracture Repair......Page 664
73: Calcium Phosphate Cements in Fracture Repair......Page 670
74: Damage Control Orthopedics......Page 677
75: Mangled Extremity......Page 683
76: Mechanical Neck Pain......Page 691
77: Whiplash......Page 697
78: Mechanical Low Back Pain: Operative Treatment—Fusion......Page 703
79: Mechanical Low Back Pain: Nonoperative Management......Page 706
80: Neurogenic Claudication—Operative Management (Decompression and Fusion)......Page 714
81: Neurogenic Claudication: Nonoperative Management......Page 722
82: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—Nonoperative Management......Page 730
83: Adolescent Idiopathic Scoliosis—Operative Management......Page 738
84: Metastatic/Myeloma Disease—Operative Management......Page 749
85: Metastatic/Myeloma Disease—Nonoperative Management......Page 756
86: Treatment of the First Shoulder Dislocation......Page 765
87: Chronic Shoulder Instability......Page 772
88: Rotator Cuff Injury......Page 780
89: Shoulder Impingement Syndrome......Page 791
90: Pathology of the Long Head of the Biceps......Page 800
91: Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury......Page 809
92: Tennis Elbow......Page 815
93: Initial Management of the Sports Injured Knee......Page 824
94: Meniscal Tears (Meniscectomy, Meniscopexy, Meniscal Transplants/Scaffolds)......Page 831
95: Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury......Page 840
96: Posterior Cruciate Ligament Injury......Page 850
97: Operative vs. Nonoperative Treatment of Combined Anterior Cruciate Ligament and Medial Collateral Ligament Injuries......Page 860
98: Posterolateral Corner Injury......Page 869
99: Cartilage Injury......Page 875
100: Runner’s Knee......Page 881
101: Ankle Ligament Injury......Page 890
102: Achilles Tendinopathy......Page 900
103: Labral Tears......Page 907
104: Hip Impingement......Page 920
105: Snapping Hip......Page 926
106: Ergogenic Aids: Creatine Supplementation as a Popular Ergogenic Aid in Young Adults......Page 933
Section VII: Wrist and Hand Surgery......Page 939
107: Acute Management of Distal Radius Fractures......Page 941
108: Prognosis: Pain and Disability After Distal Radius Fracture......Page 951
109: Reconstruction of Malunited Distal Radius Fracture......Page 958
110: Scaphoid Fractures......Page 966
111: Nonunions of the Scaphoid......Page 974
112: Trapeziometacarpal Arthritis of the Thumb......Page 982
113: Salvage Procedures for the Treatment of Wrists with Scapholunate Advanced Collapse......Page 990
114: Wrist Arthroscopy......Page 997
115: Rheumatoid Wrist Reconstruction (Arthrodesis and Arthroplasty)......Page 1007
116: Management of Finger Fractures......Page 1015
117: Prevention of Adhesion in Flexor Tendon Surgery......Page 1021
118: Therapy: Flexor Tendon Rehabilitation......Page 1026
119: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—Conservative Management......Page 1040
120: Carpal Tunnel Syndrome—Surgical Management......Page 1049
121: Dupuytren’s Disease......Page 1057
122: Extensor Tendon Surgery......Page 1067
123: Rheumatoid Hand Reconstruction......Page 1074
124: Flexor Tendon Surgery......Page 1085
125: Replantation......Page 1100
126: Radiation in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Pre-or Postoperative......Page 1111
127: Soft Tissue Sarcoma: Does the Evidence Support the Administration of Chemotherapy?......Page 1116
128: Surgery in Bone Sarcoma: Allograftvs. Megaprosthesis......Page 1125
129: Biopsy of Soft Tissue Masses......Page 1136
130: Surgical Margins in Soft Tissue Sarcoma: What Is a Negative Margin?......Page 1140
Index......Page 1149
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