Oral And Maxillofacial Surgery
Management of Complications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Management of Complications in Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery is a comprehensive reference that covers the minor and major complications which may occur in all facets of oral maxillofacial surgery. Each chapter covers the potential complications encountered during the routine practice of oral and maxillofacial surgery, from the most commonly encountered complications, to those less frequent and more complex with which every competent oral and maxillofacial surgeon should be familiar.
Drs. Miloro and Kolokythas address possible complications in every aspect of OMS, including anesthesia, third molar surgery, implant surgery, maxillofacial trauma, orthognathic surgery, temporomandibular joint surgery, cleft lip and palate surgery, head and neck oncologic surgery, soft and hard tissue reconstruction, free tissue transfer, and cosmetic facial surgery. The contributors to this textbook, recognized experts in their specific topic due to their surgical experience and expertise, focus on the prompt recognition of each complication, and consider preventative measures as well as precise management strategies considering the already compromised clinical circumstances.
Content:
Chapter 1 Ambulatory Anesthesia (pages 2–24): Vasiliki Karlis, Lauren Bourell and Robert Glickman
Chapter 2 Third Molar Surgery (pages 25–40): Thomas Schlieve, Antonia Kolokythas and Michael Miloro
Chapter 3 Implant Surgery (pages 41–53): Pamela J. Hughes
Chapter 4 Maxillofacial Trauma (pages 55–107): R. Bryan Bell, Michael R. Markiewicz and Savannah Gelesko
Chapter 5 Orthognathic Surgery (pages 109–136): Stephanie J. Drew
Chapter 6 Distraction Osteogenesis (pages 137–147): Maria J. Troulis, Alexander Katsnelson, Carl Bouchard, Bonnie L. Padwa and Leonard B. Kaban
Chapter 7 Obstructive Sleep Apnea (pages 149–174): Peter D. Waite and Kenneth C. Guffey
Chapter 8 Cleft and Craniofacial Surgery (pages 175–201): Bernard J. Costello, John F. Caccamese and Ramon L. Ruiz
Chapter 9 Cosmetic Surgery (pages 203–232): Jon D. Perenack and Vernon P. Burke
Chapter 10 Temporomandibular Joint Surgery (pages 233–246): Helen E. Giannakopoulos and David C. Stanton
Chapter 11 Ablative Oral/Head and Neck Surgery (pages 247–266): Eric R. Carlson and Daniel Oreadi
Chapter 12 Lip Cancer (pages 267–282): Cole Anderson and Jonathan S. Bailey
Chapter 13 Hard Tissue Reconstruction (pages 283–316): Miller Smith, Fayette Williams and Brent B. Ward
Chapter 14 Soft Tissue Reconstruction (pages 317–333): Dongsoo David Kim and Daniel Petrisor
Chapter 15 Microvascular Composite Bone Flaps (pages 335–345): Rui Fernandes and Phil Pirgousis
Table of contents :
Title Page ......Page 2
Contents......Page 5
Contributors......Page 6
Preface......Page 11
INTRODUCTION......Page 13
Patient Characteristics/Selection......Page 14
Patient Screening......Page 16
Pulse Oximetry......Page 18
Personnel Preparedness......Page 19
Postoperative Monitoring......Page 20
Oversedation......Page 21
Respiratory Depression and Respiratory Arrest......Page 23
Laryngospasm, Bronchospasm, and Acute Asthma......Page 24
Preoperative Fasting Period NPO Guidelines......Page 25
Cardiac Arrhythmias......Page 26
Hypertension and Hypotension......Page 27
Hypoglycemia......Page 28
PSYCHIATRIC AND EMOTIONAL COMPLICATIONS......Page 29
ANESTHETIC COMPLICATIONS IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS......Page 30
Pediatric Respiratory Complications......Page 31
PREVENTION AND MANAGEMENT OF PEDIATRIC ANESTHETIC COMPLICATIONS......Page 32
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 33
ALVEOLAR OSTEITIS......Page 35
INFECTION......Page 36
BLEEDING/HEMORRHAGE......Page 37
MANDIBULAR FRACTURE......Page 38
ORAL-ANTRAL COMMUNICATION......Page 39
INJURY TO ADJACENT TEETH/WRONG TOOTH EXTRACTION......Page 41
INJURY TO ADJACENT OSSEOUS STRUCTURES......Page 42
DISPLACEMENT OF TEETH......Page 43
NEUROLOGIC COMPLICATIONS......Page 45
OSTEOMYELITIS......Page 47
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 48
Patient Assessment......Page 51
Clinical Assessment of the Patient......Page 52
Prosthodontic and Surgical Treatment Planning......Page 53
INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS......Page 55
Early Postoperative Complications......Page 58
Sinusitis......Page 59
Mandible Fracture......Page 60
Peri-implant Disease......Page 61
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 62
Animal Bites......Page 64
Feline Bites......Page 65
Parotid Duct Injury......Page 66
Peripheral Facial Nerve Injury......Page 68
Nasolacrimal Injury......Page 69
Lateral Ectropion......Page 71
Entropion......Page 72
Teeth in the Line of Fracture......Page 74
Mandibular Symphysis, Parasymphysis, and Body Fractures......Page 75
Mandibular Angle Fractures......Page 77
Nonunion......Page 78
Atrophic Edentulous Mandibular Fractures......Page 79
Facial Asymmetry......Page 80
Mandibular Condyle Fractures......Page 81
Mandibular Hypomobility/Temporomandibular Joint Ankylosis......Page 82
FRONTAL SINUS FRACTURES......Page 85
Infection/Sinusitis......Page 86
Mucocele and Mucopyocele......Page 87
Orbital Complications......Page 88
Meningitis......Page 89
Cavernous Sinus Thrombosis......Page 90
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leak......Page 91
Limitation of Extraocular Muscle Movements......Page 93
Enophthalmos......Page 94
Eyelid Malposition......Page 96
ORBITO-ZYGOMATICOMAXILLARY COMPLEX FRACTURES......Page 98
Malar Flattening......Page 100
Neurosensory Complications......Page 101
NASO-ORBITAL-ETHMOIDAL FRACTURES......Page 102
Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction......Page 103
Nasal Airway Obstruction/Septal Deviation......Page 104
Nasal Scarring......Page 105
MAXILLARY FRACTURES......Page 106
Malocclusion......Page 107
Hemorrhage......Page 108
TRACHEOSTOMY COMPLICATIONS......Page 109
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 111
Diagnosis......Page 117
Medical Issues......Page 118
Dental Issues......Page 119
MAXILLARY SURGERY: INTRAOPERATIVE COMPLICATIONS......Page 120
Fixation Issues......Page 121
The Downfracture......Page 123
Maxillary Mobilization and Positioning......Page 124
Nerve Injury During Le Fort Osteotomy......Page 125
Perioperative......Page 126
Postoperative......Page 127
SAGITTAL SPLIT RAMUS OSTEOTOMY......Page 128
Short-Term Complications......Page 132
Nausea......Page 133
Hardware Failure......Page 134
Splints......Page 135
Orthodontic Issues......Page 136
TMJ Issues......Page 138
Permanent Cranial Nerve Damage......Page 137
Patient Selection......Page 145
Distraction Vector Planning......Page 146
Incomplete Osteotomy and Improper Device Placement......Page 147
Device Failure......Page 150
Inadequate Distraction......Page 151
Infection......Page 152
CONCLUSIONS......Page 153
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 154
INTRODUCTION......Page 156
Medical History Considerations......Page 157
Preoperative CPAP......Page 158
Airway Management......Page 159
Additional Considerations......Page 160
Nasal Cavity......Page 161
Tonsillectomy......Page 162
Palatal Procedures......Page 163
Genioglossus Advancement......Page 164
Maxillomandibular Advancement......Page 167
Distraction Osteogenesis......Page 176
Pain Management and Sedatives......Page 177
Maintaining Adequate Oxygenation......Page 178
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 179
Early Complications......Page 182
Late Complications......Page 183
Long Upper Lip......Page 184
Philtrum Abnormalities......Page 185
Nostril Stenosis......Page 186
Nasal Asymmetry......Page 187
COMPLICATIONS IN PALATOPLASTY PROCEDURES......Page 188
Palatoplasty Procedures and Outcome Differences......Page 189
Management of Palatal Fistulas......Page 192
Operative Techniques for Closure of Palatal Fistulas......Page 193
Growth After Palatoplasty......Page 194
Management of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction......Page 195
Operative Techniques for Treatment of VPI......Page 196
Intraoperative Complications of Craniofacial Surgery......Page 199
Late Postoperative Complications of Craniofacial Surgery......Page 201
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 204
Botulinum Toxin......Page 209
Upper Lid Ptosis......Page 210
Injectable Soft Tissue Volumizers and Fillers......Page 211
Injection Hematoma......Page 212
Filler Agent Allergic Reaction and Granuloma Formation......Page 215
Nonablative and Ablative Cosmetic Skin Therapy Complications......Page 216
Herpetic Infection......Page 218
Persistent Erythema......Page 219
Persistent Erythema and Scarring......Page 220
Blepharoplasty......Page 221
Ectropion, Entropion, Lid Shortening, Poor Lid Seal, and Ptosis......Page 222
Dry Eyes Keratoconjunctivitis Sicca......Page 223
Forehead and Brow Procedures......Page 224
Lower Facial Procedures Rhytidectomy, Neck Lift, Liposculpture......Page 225
Bone Resorption and Exposed Implant......Page 230
Rhinoplasty......Page 231
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 236
VASCULAR INJURY......Page 239
NERVE INJURY......Page 241
OTOLOGIC COMPLICATIONS......Page 244
ALLERGIC REACTIONS......Page 245
Extravasation of Irrigating Fluid......Page 246
Ankylosis......Page 247
Chronic Pain in the Multiply-Operated Patient......Page 249
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 250
Advanced Age......Page 253
Medical Comorbidity......Page 254
Failure to Cure......Page 255
Local Recurrence......Page 256
Regional Recurrence......Page 257
Distant Metastatic Disease......Page 259
Second Primary Disease......Page 260
Facial Nerve......Page 261
Phrenic Nerve......Page 262
Wound Infection......Page 263
Chylous Fistula......Page 264
Wound Dehiscence, Reconstruction Plate Exposure......Page 265
Odontogenic Tumors......Page 267
Parotid Tumors......Page 268
Motor Nerve Injury......Page 269
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 270
DIAGNOSIS/STAGING......Page 273
Wound Dehiscence......Page 277
Microstomia......Page 283
Scarring and Poor Cosmetic Outcome......Page 285
COMPLICATIONS RELATED TO RADIATION THERAPY......Page 286
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 287
Preoperative Comorbidity......Page 289
Nutritional Status Issues......Page 290
Autogenous Bone Grafts......Page 291
Risks of Allografts and Xenografts......Page 292
Intraoral Donor Sites......Page 293
Calvarial Bone Grafts......Page 294
Costochondral Grafts......Page 295
Fibula Myoossesous Cutaneous Flap......Page 297
Deep Circumflex Iliac Artery Myoosseous Cutaneous Flap......Page 299
Distraction Osteogenesis......Page 300
Hyperbaric Oxygen......Page 301
Fixation Schemes......Page 302
Bone Necrosis and Infection......Page 303
Anterior Mandibular Defects......Page 304
COMPUTER-ASSISTED SURGERY......Page 305
Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine......Page 307
Tactile Rapid-Prototyped Models......Page 308
Navigation and Intraoperative Imaging......Page 310
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 311
Pectoralis Major Myocutaneous Flap......Page 323
Paramedian Forehead Flap......Page 325
COMPLICATIONS IN MICROVASCULAR FREE FLAPS......Page 326
Flap Salvage......Page 329
Radial Forearm Free Flap......Page 330
Rectus Abdominus Myocutaneous Flap......Page 331
Total/Partial Flap Loss......Page 333
Infection......Page 335
Hematoma Formation......Page 336
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 338
Hand Ischemia......Page 340
Donor Site Skin Graft Failure......Page 341
OSTEOCUTANEOUS FIBULA FLAP......Page 342
Skin Paddle Loss......Page 343
SCAPULA FREE FLAP......Page 344
ILIAC CREST FREE FLAP......Page 345
Management of the Failing Flap......Page 346
Radiologic Evaluation......Page 347
SUGGESTED READINGS......Page 348
Index......Page 351
